First record of Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in the Balearic Islands, with an identification key to the archipelago’s species of the genus Sceliphron Klug, 1801

The Black and Yellow Mud Dauber wasp (Sceliphron caementarium (Drury 1773)) is reported for the first time from two distant locations of the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Possible entry pathways of this potentially invasive species to the archipelago are discussed, as well as potential threats to local biodiversity and ecologically relevant questions raised by the arrival of this new species in the archipelago. The addition of S. caementarium to the Balearic fauna raises the number of species in the genus Sceliphron Klug 1801 to four; with half of them being recent introductions of potentially invasive exotic species. Finally, an illustrated identification key to the Balearic species of the genus Sceliphron is presented in order to ease their identification in the future. Readers are encouraged to use the key and send new records of these species within the Balearic Islands to the author or to online biodiversity recording platforms in order to help studying the dispersion of introduced sphecid wasps and update the distribution data of native and introduced species.